Tadabbur Surah An-nasr

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

{ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ (1) وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا (2) فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا (3)

Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani.

[1] Apabila datang pertolongan Allah dan kemenangan (semasa engkau wahai Muhammad berjaya menguasai negeri Mekah);

[2] Dan engkau melihat manusia masuk dalam agama Allah beramai-ramai.

[3] Maka ucapkanlah tasbih dengan memuji Tuhanmu dan mintalah ampun

kepadaNya, sesungguhnya Dia amat menerima taubat.

تفسير ابن كثير

تفسير سورة إذا جاء نصر الله والفتح (1)

وهي مدنية.

قد تقدم أنها تعدل ربع القرآن، و " إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ " تعدل ربع القرآن.

وقال النسائي: أخبرنا محمد بن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم، أخبرنا جعفر، عن أبي العُمَيس(ح) وأخبرنا محمد بن سليمان، حدثنا جعفر بن عون، حدثنا أبو العُمَيس، عن عبد المجيد بن سهيل (2) عن عُبَيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة قال: قال لي ابن عباس: يا ابن عتبة، أتعلم آخر سورة من القرآن نزلت (3) ؟ قلت: نعم، " إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ " قال: صدقت (4)

وروى الحافظ أبو بكر البزار والبيهقي، من حديث موسى بن عبيدة الرّبذي (5) عن صدقة بن يَسَار، عن ابن عمر قال: أنزلت هذه السورة: " إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ " على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أوسط أيام التشريق، فعرف أنه الوداع، فأمر براحلته القصواء فَرحَلت، ثم قام فخطب الناس، فذكر خطبته المشهورة (6)

وقال الحافظ البيهقي: أخبرنا علي بن أحمد بن عبدان، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبيد الصفار، حدثنا الأسفاطي، حدثنا سعيد بن سليمان، حدثنا عباد بن العوام، عن هلال بن خباب، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس قال: لما نزلت: " إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ " دعا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فاطمة (7) وقال: "إنه قد نُعِيت إليّ نفسي"، فبكت ثم ضحكت، وقالت: أخبرني أنه نُعيت إليه نفسُه فبكيت، ثم قال: "اصبري فإنك أول أهلي لحاقًا بي" فضحكت (8)

وقد رواه النسائي -كما سيأتي-بدون ذكر فاطمة.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

{ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ (1) وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا (2) فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا (3) }

قال البخاري: حدثنا موسى بن إسماعيل، حدثنا أبو عَوانة، عن أبي بشر، عن سعيد بن جُبَير، عن ابن عباس قال: كان عمر يُدخلني مع أشياخ بدر، فكأن بعضهم وَجَد في نفسه.

__________

(1) في م: "تفسير سورة النصر".

(2) في أ: "سهل".

(3) في م: "نزلت من القرآن".

(4) سنن النسائي الكبرى برقم (11713) ورواه مسلم في صحيحه برقم (3024) من طريق جعفر بن عون به.

(5) في أ: "الزبيري".

(6) سنن البيهقي الكبرى (5/152)، وموسى بن عبيدة ضعيف.

(7) في أ: "فاطمة ابنته".

(8) دلائل النبوة للبيهقي (7/167).

Keterangan pendek daripada surah ini

Surah ini telah digelarkan ayat-ayat madaniyah berdasarkan kajian para ulama' muktabar tentang surah ini. Surah ini telah diturunkan di sekitar mekah semasa Baginda SAW menunaikan haji perpisahan yakni haji Al-wida'. Kenapa ulama' menamakan surah ini madaniyah? Hal ini kerana jumhur ulama' telah menyatakan jika mana-mana surah yang diturunkan selepas penghijrahan Baginda saw  ke madinah, maka ia dinamakan ayat-ayat madaniyah.

Semasa turunnya surah An-nasr  ini, semua umat islam kelihatan sangat gembira sambil mengucapkan syukur tidak terhingga kepada Allah SWT di atas kemenangan besar umat islam, tetapi disebalik kegembiraan yang dialami oleh umat islam pada ketika itu, kelihatan beberapa orang sahabat Baginda saw memahami dan menyedari ada makna tersirat daripada makna yang tersurat itu sementara kebanyakan orang lain gagal memahami makna yang tersirat itu. Antara sahabat yang sangat menyedari tentang perkara ini ialah Saidina Umar Al-khattab, apabila beliau menyedari sahaja berita ini, maka saidina Umar telah mengumpulkan para sahabat besar yang lain ke suatu tempat untuk berbincang berkenaan dengan perkara ini, antara tokoh besar yang Umar jemput ialah Abdullah Bin Abbas yang pada masa itu beliau masih muda tetapi sangat mempunyai ilmu yang mendalam tentang islam, maka sahabat besar yang lain mengatakan kepada  Umar '' Mengapakah kamu mendatangkan budak ini, maka jawab Umar, beliau mempunyai ilmu yang kamu tidak terfikir untuknya nanti''. Kemudian Umar menyoal kepada para sahabat, apakah pandangan kamu terhadap surah an-nasr?  Maka kebanyakan sahabat menyatakan bahawa islam sudah menang, islam akan menguasai dunia, orang ramai akan berbondong-bondong masuk kepada islam, itulah jawapan kebanyakan daripada para sahabat. Kemudian Umar telah berpaling kepada Abdullah b. Abbas dan menanyakan kembali soalan yang pertama tadi kepada beliau, maka jawab Abdullah ''Aku melihat tentang surah ini ialah menandakan bahawa Rasulullah saw akan wafat, tanda bahawa telah sampainya ajal nabi saw, kerana tugas nabi saw sudah selesai dan islam sudah pun sempurna''  tatkala dengarnya para sahabat-sahabat lain tentang ungkapan yang diberikan oleh Abdullah b. Abbas sebentar tadi, maka para sahabat berasa takjub dan terpegun dengan idea tersebut sekaligus para sahabat sayu dan sedih dengan makna yang tersirat daripada surah tersebut.

This Surah informs of the Completion of the Life of Allah's Messenger

Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Umar used to bring me into the gatherings with the old men of (the battle of) Badr. However, it was as if one of them felt something in himself (against my attending). So he said, `Why do you (`Umar) bring this (youth) to sit with us when we have children like him (i.e., his age)' So `Umar replied, `Verily, he is among those whom you know. Then one day he called them and invited me to sit with them, and I do not think that he invited me to be among them that day except to show them. So he said, `What do you say about Allah's statement, ﴿إِذَا جَآءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ﴾ (When there comes the help of Allah and the Conquest.)' Some of them said, `We were commanded to praise Allah and seek His forgiveness when He helps us and gives us victory.' Some of them remained silent and did not say anything. Then he (`Umar) said to me, `Is this what you say, O Ibn `Abbas' I said, `No.' He then said, `What do you say' I said, `It was the end of the life of Allah's Messenger that Allah was informing him of. Allah said, ﴿إِذَا جَآءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ﴾ (When there comes the help of Allah and the Conquest.) which means, that is a sign of the end of your life. ﴿فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوِبَا ﴾ (So, glorify the praises of your Lord, and ask His forgiveness. Verily, He is the One Who accepts the repentance and Who forgives.)' So, `Umar bin Al-Khattab said, `I do not know anything about it other than what you have said.''' Al-Bukhari was alone in recording this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "When ﴿إِذَا جَآءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ﴾ (When there comes the help of Allah and the Conquest.) was revealed, the Messenger of Allah said, «نُعِيَتْ إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي» (My death has been announced to me.) And indeed he died during that year.'' Ahmad was alone in recording this Hadith. Al-Bukhari recorded that `A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah used to say often in his bowing and prostrating, «سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمْدِكَ اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي» (Glory to You, O Allah, our Lord, and praise be to You. O Allah, forgive me.) He did this as his interpretation of the Qur'an (i.e., showing its implementation).'' The rest of the group has also recorded this Hadith except for At-Tirmidhi. Imam Ahmad recorded from Masruq that `A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah used to often say towards the end of his life, «سُبْحَانَ اللهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ، أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْه» (Glory to Allah, and praise be unto Him. I seek Allah's forgiveness and I repent to Him.) And he said, «إِنَّ رَبِّي كَانَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنِّي سَأَرَى عَلَامَةً فِي أُمَّتِي، وَأَمَرَنِي إِذَا رَأَيْتُهَا أَنْ أُسَبِّحَ بِحَمْدِهِ وَأَسْتَغْفِرَهُ، إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا، فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهَا: ﴿إِذَا جَآءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ - وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِى دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَجاً - فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوِبَا ﴾» (Verily, my Lord has informed me that I will see a sign in my Ummah and He has commanded me that when I see it, I should glorify His praises and seek His forgiveness, for He is the One Who accepts repentance. And indeed I have seen it (i.e., the sign). (When there comes the help of Allah and the Conquest (Al-Fath). And you see that the people enter Allah's religion in crowds. So glorify the praises of your Lord, and ask His forgiveness. Verily, He is the One Who accepts the repentance and Who forgives.))'' Muslim also recorded this Hadith. The meaning of Al-Fath here is the conquest of Makkah, and there is only one view concerning it. For indeed the different areas of the Arabs were waiting for the conquest of Makkah before they would accept Islam. They said, "If he (Muhammad is victorious over his people, then he is a (true) Prophet.'' So when Allah gave him victory over Makkah, they entered into the religion of Allah (Islam) in crowds. Thus, two years did not pass (after the conquest of Makkah) before the peninsula of the Arabs was laden with faith. And there did not remain any of the tribes of the Arabs except that they professed (their acceptance) of Islam. And all praise and blessings are due to Allah. Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih that `Amr bin Salamah said, "When Makkah was conquered, all of the people rushed to the Messenger of Allah to profess their Islam. The various regions were delaying their acceptance of Islam until Makkah was conquered. The people used to say, `Leave him and his people alone. If he is victorious over them he is a (true) Prophet.''' We have researched the war expedition for conquest of Makkah in our book As-Surah. Therefore, whoever wishes he may review it there. And all praise and blessings are due to Allah.Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu `Ammar that a neighbor of Jabir bin `Abdullah told him, "I returned from a journey and Jabir bin `Abdullah came and greeted me. So I began to talk with him about the divisions among the people and what they had started doing. Thus, Jabir began to cry and he said, `I heard the Messenger of Allah saying, «إِنَّ النَّاسَ دَخَلُوا فِي دِينِ اللهِ أَفْوَاجًا، وَسَيَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهُ أَفْوَاجًا» (Verily, the people have entered into the religion of Allah in crowds and they will also leave it in crowds.)'' This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat An-Nasr, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah. by : Muhammad Fathullah Al-haq b. Mohamad Asni. Yarmouk University .